Soft tissue
Exposing features of soft tissue in relation to the underlying bones is as well a major concern of anthropological research on non-fossil material.
In 1992 for instance, Seidler et al. published a paper on the famous
Tyrolean Ice Man, one of the world's best preserved mummies.
With the help of a CT scan and the building of the worldwide first
stereolithographic model in anthropology, the Iceman's skull could be
virtually extracted for examination without harming the precious body.
Since then, numerous mummies from Peru, Egypt, Siberia and other
locations have been digitized, virtually unwrapped and described.
Regarding recent hominoids, Jeffrey and Spoor worked with
high-resolution MR-scans of formalin-preserved human fetuses to explore
the development of the cranial base during early ontogeny (which has,
of course, implication for the understanding of evolution of modern
human skulls). Semendeferi et al. used MR to shed light on the
proportions of the frontal lobes in relation to the whole brain in
extant hominoids. Their study revealed that human frontal lobes are not
that much different in relative size when compared to chimps, gorillas
and orangutans.
Virtual Anthropology naturally includes the research on living
humans, exemplified by a study of Bookstein et al. who
characterized shape changes of the corpus callosum in fetal alcohol
syndrome patients by describing quantitative changes of its
mid-sagittal outline from MR-scans. These techniques are good for
studies in human evolution as well as to enhance medical diagnosis.
That shows again the potential for interdisciplinarity of Virtual
Anthropology.